A carcinogen is a chemical substance or mixture that has the potential to cause or promote cancer in humans or animals.
Carcinogenic effects are typically associated with long-term exposure, even at low doses. Under chemical safety regulations, carcinogens are classified into Category 1A, 1B, and 2, based on the strength of evidence for their carcinogenic potential.
Each category is subject to specific classification, labelling, risk management measures, and use restrictions to protect human health.