The Antioxidant Response Element (ARE), also known as the Antioxidant/Electrophile Response Element, is a regulatory DNA sequence that controls the expression of genes involved in cellular defence, detoxification, and protection against oxidative stress.
When cells are exposed to oxidative stress or electrophilic chemicals, ARE-regulated genes are activated, triggering protective mechanisms that help maintain cellular function.
In chemical safety assessments, ARE activation is used as a biomarker to evaluate a substance’s potential to induce oxidative stress and other toxicological effects. Under the KKDIK Regulation, this information may contribute to the assessment of a chemical’s hazard profile and potential health risks.